Manufacturing stands on the cusp of a new era. Industry 4.0 brought us smart factories, digital twins, and connectivity. Industry 5.0 builds on this foundation by focusing on the collaboration between people, technology, and sustainable systems. The question for leaders is no longer whether to modernize, but how to measure readiness and make the right investments.
What Is Industry 5.0 and Why It Matters
Industry 5.0 emphasizes human centricity, resilience, and sustainability. According to a recent assessment model, adoption relies on four perspectives: strategy, sustainability, human-centricity, and resilience.
An article from Flinders University explains that Industry 5.0 is about embedding these pillars into value creation, guiding factories toward adaptable, future-proof systems. A recent study also highlights how organizations are beginning to measure maturity with structured frameworks.
Why Use a Manufacturing Maturity Model
A maturity model provides structure for evaluating progress. It allows leaders to:
- Benchmark operations against peers
- Identify gaps and prioritize improvements
- Guide investment decisions with clear evidence
- Track progress over time
A review of existing models shows that many fall short of capturing human and ecological factors, making updated frameworks essential for Industry 5.0 planning.
The Five Levels of Maturity
| Level | Description | Typical Characteristics | Next Step |
| 1. Ad Hoc / Manual | Processes are reactive and undocumented | Reliance on tribal knowledge, spreadsheets | Standardize and document processes |
| 2. Standardized / Foundational Digital | Basic digital tools and documentation | Systems are disconnected, visibility is limited | Connect systems and enforce workflows |
| 3. Integrated / Connected | Systems share data across functions | ERP, MES, PLM integration, dashboards, traceability | Introduce advanced analytics |
| 4. Automated & Data-Driven | Real-time control and predictive insights | IoT, AI/ML, automated reporting | Scale prescriptive analytics and adaptive control |
| 5. Human + Machine Collaboration (I5.0) | Technology supports people in resilient, sustainable operations | Human-in-the-loop decisioning, circular systems | Continue evolving culture, systems, and sustainability metrics |
Some frameworks label the top tier as an “Agile Cognitive Factory” to emphasize autonomy and intelligence (SciePublish). Others apply fuzzy logic models to handle uncertainty in scoring.
How to Assess Readiness
Evaluate your current maturity across five dimensions:
- Technology & Data: Are MES, PLM, ERP, or WMS systems integrated and providing real-time insight?
- Processes: Are workflows standardized and scalable? Can they adapt to change?
- People: Do teams have digital tools that enhance decision-making? Is there a culture of collaboration?
- Resilience: Can your plant adapt quickly to supply chain shocks or regulatory shifts?
- Sustainability: Do you track and reduce waste, emissions, and energy use?
A holistic Industry 5.0 model proposes 25 dimensions and 64 guiding questions to help leaders measure these areas.
Building the Roadmap
Once your baseline is clear, the next step is execution:
- Quick wins: Automate manual data entry, connect systems, and introduce dashboards for visibility.
- Strategic investments: Implement scalable MES, PLM, and SPC platforms that integrate seamlessly across departments.
- Culture shift: Train employees to collaborate effectively with digital tools and foster continuous improvement.
- Future-proofing: Choose modular, extensible platforms that adapt as markets evolve.
EY’s Manufacturing 5.0 report emphasizes balancing quick wins with long-term strategic bets.
Why Readiness Matters Now
Plants that embrace Industry 5.0 maturity are better positioned to:
- Improve efficiency and profitability
- Withstand disruptions in supply chains
- Attract and retain skilled workers through human-centric workplaces
- Demonstrate sustainability leadership to customers and regulators
A maturity model provides the roadmap to make this transition measurable, actionable, and achievable.
Industry 5.0 represents a shift in how manufacturers approach growth and resilience. It combines advanced technologies with human expertise to create operations that are adaptable, sustainable, and competitive. A maturity model helps you understand your current state and build a roadmap for future investment.